Eczema: diagnosis and treatment by a dermatologist
Eczema is one of the most common skin conditions and can affect both children and adults. It can cause itching, dry skin, redness and rashes, with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to more pronounced skin changes.
There are several different types of eczema, including atopic eczema, hand eczema and contact eczema. Although the symptoms may often look similar, the causes and treatments can differ.
What is eczema?
Eczema is an inflammatory skin condition in which the skin’s natural barrier function is weakened. The skin becomes more sensitive to irritation, dryness and environmental factors, which can lead to itching, redness and rashes.
Eczema is not contagious. In some people, eczema is linked to a hereditary predisposition, while others develop it as a result of skin irritation or an allergic reaction.
Symptoms of eczema
Eczema can appear in different ways depending on the type and the level of disease activity.
Typical symptoms include:
- Itching
- Dry skin
- Redness
- Scaling
- Cracks in the skin
- Thickened skin in long-standing eczema
- Stinging or irritation
Itching is often the most troublesome symptom and can affect sleep, concentration and quality of life.
Different types of eczema
here are several types of eczema. The most common are:
Atopic eczema in children
Atopic eczema, also known as childhood eczema, is the most common type of eczema in children. The condition typically causes dry, itchy skin with recurring periods of rash.
Read more about atopic eczema in children →
Hand eczema
Hand eczema is common in people who frequently expose their hands to water, soap, cleaning products or other forms of wet work. Symptoms may include dryness, itching, cracks and pain.
Read more about hand eczema →
Contact eczema
Contact eczema occurs when the skin reacts to substances it comes into contact with. It may be caused by irritation or an allergic reaction and commonly affects the hands, face or other exposed areas.
Read more about
contact eczema →
When should you seek medical attention?
It may be relevant to see a dermatologist if:
- The symptoms do not improve despite regular skincare
- Itching affects sleep or daily life
- The rash becomes widespread or keeps recurring
- Cracks or sores develop in the skin
- There is uncertainty about the diagnosis
- Previous treatment has not been sufficiently effective
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is usually made based on a discussion of the symptoms and an examination of the skin. In some cases, further investigation may be necessary, for example if allergic contact eczema or another skin condition is suspected.
Treatment of eczema
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the eczema.
Treatment may include: moisturizers, medicated creams, as well as identifying triggering factors and preventing irritation and drying of the skin.
The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms, strengthen the skin barrier, and prevent new outbreaks.
Eczema in children and adults
Eczema can develop at any age. In children, atopic eczema is the most common form, while adults are more likely to develop hand eczema or contact eczema as a result of work, hobbies or other factors affecting the skin.
Many people experience periods when symptoms worsen and improve, and the right treatment can often significantly reduce discomfort.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can eczema be cured?
Eczema is often a chronic or recurring condition, but the symptoms can usually be kept well under control with proper treatment and skin care.
Is eczema contagious?
No. Eczema is not contagious.
What is the difference between childhood eczema and eczema?
Childhood eczema is a specific type of eczema. Eczema is a general term for several different inflammatory skin diseases.
Can adults get childhood eczema?
Yes. Childhood eczema can continue into adulthood or occur later in life.
Can stress affect eczema?
In some people, stress can contribute to worsening existing eczema.
What is the best cream for eczema?
The choice of cream depends on the type and severity of the eczema. Moisturizers are an important part of treatment for most patients.