Eczema: diagnosis and treatment by a dermatologist
Eczema is one of the most common skin conditions and can occur in both children and adults. The condition can cause itching, dry skin, redness and rashes, and the symptoms can vary from mild discomfort to more pronounced skin changes.
There are several different types of eczema, including infantile eczema, hand eczema, and contact eczema. Although the symptoms are often similar, the causes and treatment can be different.
What is eczema?
Eczema is an inflammatory skin condition in which the skin's natural barrier function is weakened. The skin becomes more sensitive to irritation, dryness and environmental influences, which can lead to itching, redness and rashes.
Eczema is not contagious. In some people, eczema is caused by a hereditary predisposition, while others develop eczema as a result of irritation or allergic effects on the skin.
Symptoms of eczema
Eczema can present in different ways depending on the specific type and the severity of the condition.
Typical symptoms include:
- Itching
- Dry skin
- Redness
- Scaling or flaking
- Cracked skin
- Thickened skin (often from long-term eczema and scratching)
- A burning or stinging sensation
Itching is often the most frustrating symptom and can significantly disrupt sleep, concentration, and overall quality of life.
Different types of eczema
There are several types of eczema. The most common are:
Childhood eczema
Childhood eczema, also called atopic eczema, is the most common form of eczema in children. The condition typically causes dry, itchy skin with recurring periods of rash.
Read more about childhood eczema →
Hand eczema
Hand eczema is often seen in people who expose their hands to water, soap, cleaning products or other wet work. Symptoms can include dryness, itching, cracking and pain.
Read more about hand eczema →
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin reacts to substances it comes into contact with. It can be caused by irritation or allergy and is often seen on the hands, face or other exposed areas.
Read more about contact dermatitis →
When should you seek medical attention?
It may be relevant to be evaluated by a dermatologist if:
- Symptoms do not improve despite regular skin care
- The itching affects sleep or daily life
- The rash becomes widespread or recurring
- Cracks or sores appear on the skin
- There is doubt about the diagnosis
- Previous treatment has not had sufficient effect
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is most often made through a discussion about the symptoms and an examination of the skin. In some cases, further investigation may be needed, for example if allergic contact dermatitis or other skin diseases are suspected.
Treatment of eczema
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the eczema.
Treatment may include: moisturizers, medicated creams, as well as identifying triggering factors and preventing irritation and drying of the skin.
The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms, strengthen the skin barrier, and prevent new outbreaks.
Eczema in children and adults
Eczema can occur at any age. In children, infantile eczema is the most common form, while adults may more often develop hand eczema or contact dermatitis as a result of work, hobbies or other influences on the skin.
Many people experience periods of worsening and improvement, and the right treatment can often significantly reduce discomfort.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can eczema be cured?
Eczema is often a chronic or recurring condition, but the symptoms can usually be kept well under control with proper treatment and skin care.
Is eczema contagious?
No. Eczema is not contagious.
What is the difference between childhood eczema and eczema?
Childhood eczema is a specific type of eczema. Eczema is a general term for several different inflammatory skin diseases.
Can adults get childhood eczema?
Yes. Childhood eczema can continue into adulthood or occur later in life.
Can stress affect eczema?
In some people, stress can contribute to worsening existing eczema.
What is the best cream for eczema?
The choice of cream depends on the type and severity of the eczema. Moisturizers are an important part of treatment for most patients.