The salivary glands are paired organs, meaning humans have a total of six major salivary glands located in and around the mouth. All of these glands produce saliva that empties into the oral cavity, though the composition of the saliva they secrete varies significantly.

The Parotid Gland

The largest of the salivary glands is the parotid gland, located just in front of and below each ear. Today, many people only know of this gland due to mumps—a viral infection of the parotid gland that is now largely prevented through childhood vaccination. The parotid gland produces a thin, watery saliva, which is typically released when your mouth waters. This saliva is transported through a duct in the cheek and enters the mouth opposite the upper second molars.

The Submandibular Gland

Located just below the angle of the jaw is the second largest salivary gland, the submandibular gland. This gland produces a mixture of thick and thin saliva, which empties into the front of the mouth, directly under the tongue.

The Sublingual Gland

At the very front of the mouth floor, directly beneath the tongue, lies the smallest of the major salivary glands—the sublingual gland. It produces a highly viscous (thick) secretion that drains into the mouth through the same area as the submandibular gland.

The reasons for undergoing salivary gland surgery vary significantly depending on which gland is affected:

The Parotid Gland: Surgery on the parotid gland often involves a partial removal (partial parotidectomy), typically due to the development of benign nodules or tumors.

The Submandibular Gland: The most common reason for operating on this gland is the formation of salivary stones (sialolithiasis)—similar to how tartar buildup forms on teeth. Some individuals are naturally more prone to developing these stones. When a stone blocks the salivary duct, it often causes sharp pain and swelling, especially when eating. If the stone cannot be removed using minimally invasive endoscopic techniques (sialendoscopy), a complete removal of the gland is considered.

The Sublingual Gland: Removal of this gland is primarily performed to treat a plunging ranula. This is a rare condition where a cyst forms due to the accumulation of thick, trapped saliva. While completely benign, it can cause a noticeable, uncomfortable swelling under the chin.

Regardless of the condition requiring surgery, you are in the safest possible hands at Charlottenlund Private Hospital, where the country’s leading head and neck surgeons deliver world-class medical expertise.

If you suffer from diseases of the salivary glands, contact Charlottenlund Private Hospital for a quick appointment for a preliminary examination, consultation and treatment.